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Friday, November 4th, 2011

How to Solve it: Music in Advertising -Case Study1-

Uniqlo “Body Tech” campaign

From now on, I’d like to elaborate “How to Solve it” by referring to specific AD reels in which I got involved. This is a campaign by Japanese apparel corporation Uniqlo for promoting their sportswear brand “Body Tech”(2006). You could say this is a Sound Design work rather than a Music Composition. Regarding this project, as we could get a pretty concrete storyboard and a message/concept of the AD clip at its beginning, it was easy to share a strategy in terms of sound/music with the other members of the team including the creative director. That is why at its early stage we could also have a conclusion not to embed a music track but to design sound which is accurately synchronized to the movie and can accelerate a sense of tension and sizzle/actual sensation which potential users (all those who get physical activity or jobs including athletes) have, which would make it appropriate for the AD to resonate with them.

This movie requires Flash Player 9

Issues Level-2 & Level-3

Talking about “several issues in advertising music” I mentioned at the introduction, we hardly needed to consider Level-3 because the team (agency, creative team, etc.) had already got a great credit from the client. Also regarding Level-2, Uniqlo had already become dominant brand in the apparel market in Japan and any audience knew who they are and what kind of clothes they are selling. Having said that, at that time most people still regarded Uniqlo as one of the typical, domestic companies of SPA (Specialty store retailer of Private label Apparel) such as GAP, and though they appreciated its “high-quality and low-price” product line but still didn’t have a deep understanding of its spirit of innovation or its progressive (or even sublime) strategy/vision. Moreover this is not an ordinary casual outfit but a highly-functional sportswear which was strategically made together with experts by applying sports science.

Actual issue Level-2

Considering Level-2 more, competitors of this product is technically not (only) other SAP brands but sports brands such as Nike, Puma, Mizuno, Asics, Descente, etc. And of course, most of them had already developed their product lines by applying sports science (though there were no exactly competitive products from these companies at the same timing). So, one of the issues at Level-2 is to avoid fighting directly with them and mimicking their cliche in advertising, and to convey their message strategically by taking the advantage of the client’s strength while being conscious of its existing/potential customers.

Issues Level-4 & Level-1

Fortunately we already had a solid brand world/equity in advertising (i.e. tone and manner) accumulated over time through Uniqlo’s abundant campaigns and could apply the elements from its brand world (by the way, the creative director was the very one who had been involved in its brand building since late 90′s). So we believed that it was essential not to be too conscious about what other companies do but to focus on creating a new perspective of “Sports Science” and freshness to its own brand world and conveying specific functions/concepts “Motion, Beauty, and Comfort”, with integrity and as an extension of their basic manner of communication. From the reel you can see there is a difference from ADs of the typical cool sports brands such as Nike in terms of focusing on product “functions” and benefits specifically (as opposed to their spiritual/emotional or sometime humanitarian approaches), needless to mention the difference from general apparel ADs. In this sense, this reel seems to be very sincere about coping with its own issues Level-1.

How I Solved it with Sound

Let’s move on the story about sound designing (finally). As you already knew, there were 4 focuses in this reel regarding their message, i.e. 3 for the product functions and benefits, and 1 for the main concept which is mentioned at the ending. What I had to do was to have audience pay attention to each focus while creating a sizzling atmosphere/actual sensation which could resonate with the potential users, as well as to make this reel itself outstanding among a flood of advertising spots.

Talking of “drawing attention with sound”, basically I think there are two approaches to do that: 1. putting a sound, and 2. putting a “silence” (or stopping a sequence). Though in many cases and easily 1 works well by putting attack sounds, I prefer to the latter approach because I believe it’s more effective to have the audience “notice something different”, and generally, the more sounds you add/pile up the less effective and focused it tends to become as opposed to what you expect. Especially regarding this reel, in order to have the audience pay attention to the product function and message, I came up with a “play and pause” pattern consisting of built-up sequences of human breath & stop watch (as symbols of exercise or physical activity) and an intake of breath & reverse EFX (as symbols of a pause or climax). Repeating this pattern three times enables the audience to grasp (and hopefully memorize) each function equivalently and in good order. I chose pretty edgy, solid or cold sound elements except for the human breath, which was to enhance the concept of “Sports science wear” from an aspect of sound as well as to match the futuristic mood of the clip.

This “play and pause” method would be widely applicable to having the audience notice or emphasizing something important/different (i.e. message, attention, etc.). It would work even if you had to change this set of edgy sound to another one in accordance with the tone and manner your own project.

Posted by Tatsuya Oe

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Sunday, October 23rd, 2011

How to Solve it: Music in Advertising -Introduction-

(Go to Japanese version)

Premise

“How to solve it/them”. That’s what I most care about when I work on composition/sound design for advertising projects. Of course, contribution of music to the whole advertising work is limited, and in some cases you could get through eventually just by providing music matching its images or what your immediate director (creative director, agency, or agent, whatever) demands. But that might be something that happened to work well. As long as advertising work is one style of composite expression achieved by some members (= a team) and it exists primarily for some marketing solution of clients, in original terms, just “composing a track so as to match my director’s demand” seems to fulfill no more than half of what you really should accomplish.

Moreover, actual issues we face in advertising projects are not limited to marketing ones (= issues between the client/sponsor and consumers/their customers). From a standpoint of a person in charge of music/sound, there are realistically much more issues around one advertising project as stated below.
(Note: This is the case of custom music production, not sync licensing. And “client” means sponsor (i.e. final decision maker), not immediate ones such as agency or director/supervisor.)

Several levels of Issues

Issue Level-1: Potential issues the client’s customers have (and could be solved by the client’s product or service).

Issue Level-2: Issues the client has inside and outside when they work on solving the Issue Level-1.
- From marketing issues such as branding, share, competitors, distribution, etc. to management issues such as resources, stock holders (IR), etc.

Issue Level-3: Issues the advertising project team (including client, agency, and creative team) has.
- Relationship with the client, its makeup, budget and schedule, key person, politics about not limited to the crew but including the cast and his/her agency, incidental aims such as awards or tie-in promotion, etc.

Issue Level-4: Issues the creative team has.
- Production budget and schedule, production style (which comes first, composition or film making, or even coincidental), timing/season of on-air, recording style (e.g. hiring outside musicians/orchestra), etc.

As a matter of course, our final goal is to bring out solutions to Issue Level-1, after watching carefully all levels of the issues, prioritizing/focusing on some of them, and completing your role so as to harmonize it with the other members and issues. I can’t say for 100% sure that I could have made it with all my past work since I’m not in a position to make a judgment (but consumers are), and how much you can commit to the project would differ greatly according to its situation, but at least you would always have to recognize these various issues consciously whatever type your project is.

If you fail to be conscious of the issues

Perhaps you could find that there are many unwelcome (not to say horrible) advertising works that just solve the issues after Issue Level-3 and don’t get to the most important Issue Level-1 at all (e.g. artistically “creative” or greatly viral but not reaching an essential marketing solution, unless the client has a fat budget), or fail to analyze the client’s own Issue Level-2, or even fail to speak to their customers (e.g. just bragging). If we see from a musical standpoint, we often come across some unfortunate cases where the music and other elements don’t work together well for the message/target or negate each other’s effects. That might be because he couldn’t resist his director’s misplaced opinion or persistence (including so-called “Temp Love”), or he just didn’t care about other elements than the director’s immediate order. Which is like an orchestra player who doesn’t see what his conductor and other players really do because of trying desperately to follow the score in front of him, or like an actor swayed by his assistant director’s whim.

Always make sure

Whenever you’re not sure if you’re doing the right thing, you should ask the suitable person of your project about it. Also make sure or discuss if you and other members are ready enough to share a core of the issues to get convinced. Some early or quick actions may allow you to move forward to the right direction. In such a messy situation it would be very difficult to let the advertising resonate with consumers unless a super-efficient project leader could exercise his full responsibility to get everything right immediately. (Fortunately I’ve hardly got involved in such troubles in these years, though.)

At any rate, I think it’s very important for you to become conscious enough of any potential issues around your project BEFORE focusing on your actual role since you are in the same boat which moves forward to the same goal.

From next time I will elaborate on how I’ve been working on “How to Solve it” by using specific examples.

Posted by Tatsuya Oe

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Saturday, October 15th, 2011

Differences in Sync Licensing between Japan and the US -Part 2-

On the last post, I wrote that our PRO JASRAC administers Synchronization Rights as well and there are differences regarding the dimensions (or definition) about it between Japan and the US. This time I’d like to explain them further. I hope this helps you understand our domestic situation around licensing and publishing business, especially if you’re non-Japanese publishers or composers who are looking for sub-publishers in Japan.

JASRAC issues a brochure called “Guides to the Copyright Trust Contract and Membership (English edition, on “Membership Requirement” page)” where you can see not only what kind of copyrights JASRAC covers but also how we handle these rights in a day-to-day music business in Japan. In the chapter 3. Choices in the Extent of Trust of Rights, there is a chart describing categories of rights and actual utilization forms. I re-visualized and added a few words to the chart for your better understanding, but its basic structure remains the same.

“Basically, JASRAC is entrusted with and administers any and all copyrights owned and to be owned by Trustor. However, Trustor may exclude a part of his/her copyrights from the ones entrusted to JASRAC. Trustor may exclude his/her rights from JASRAC’s administration in accordance with the classification of categories of rights or utilization forms shown below. Please note that Trustor CANNOT exclude on a per work basis.”

Categories of Copyright by JASRAC

You might have noticed something different if you have been familiar with categorization/definition of copyrights in the US. Yes, Mechanical Rights in this chart is not the same as what you normally think of. As you can see supplemental remarks below the chart, JASRAC apparently defines Mechanical as including the (so-called) Synchronization usages such as 5) to 8), which is as contrasted with the general definition that Mechanical Rights should be regarded as different or separated from Synchronization Rights (or vice versa). By the way, in Japanese original edition this “Mechanical” is equivalent to “Rokuon-ken” which is “Recording Rights” if it’s literally translated.

To quote Harry Fox Agency’s definition, a mechanical license “grants the rights to reproduce and distribute copyrighted musical compositions (songs) on phonorecords (i.e. CDs, records, tapes, and certain digital configurations)”. As it says, the term Mechanical is normally related to reproduction and distribution of PHYSICAL/DIGITAL MEDIA (format, container) such as CDs, DVDs, digital files, etc. Certainly, we could understand the chart regards 5) to 8) as methods or variations of recording/reproducing/distributing copyrighted musical compositions on such media. But where can we find the Synchronization Rights? And what does “Recording” on 5) to 8) technically mean?

If we think along the normal definition which is widespread in the international music/media industries, it seems that THEIR Mechanical could be simply paraphrased to a broader term such as “Recording Rights” (though we actually don’t use that ambiguous word) or could be elaborated separately as “Mechanical Rights and Synchronization Rights”. Actually, THEIR Mechanical Rights includes all the rights associated with ANY act or situation occurring when you “record/re-record/render/reproduce/duplicate/distribute copyrighted musical compositions (not Master/audio data) mechanically ON/WITH ANY medium”.

By keeping these in mind, I made my own interpretation version of this chart, so as to avoid ambiguity of these terms and bring them close to our familiar definition. AS this chart includes unofficial interpretations just for readers’ better understanding, JASRAC has no liability for the legitimacy of this interpretation (all inquiries about this should be directed to us).

Categories of copyrights (Model Electronic Interpretation version)

Since JASRAC actually can administrate all these copyrights together, my interpretation or the difference wouldn’t affect any of our day-to-day (domestic, NOT international) business AS LONG AS you entrust all copyrights to JASRAC. At the same time you might need to remember that, however, their original chart also implies that they don’t necessarily handle Mechanical and Synchronization Rights strictly separately or independently like your publisher and your PRO (e.g. ASCAP, present HFA) usually do. That is to say, in case of actual licensing operations, they operate these two rights almost as ONE (though it doesn’t mean they confuse them, of course).

To elaborate more, I’ll show you another quotes from the brochure.

The following alternatives are not allowed:
- If a Trustor does not entrust JASRAC with 2) Mechanical Rights, he/she cannot entrust the utilization forms 5) to 8) to JASRAC.
- If a Trustor does not entrust JASRAC with both 1) Performing Rights and 2) Mechanical Rights, he/she cannot entrust the utilization forms 5) to 11) to JASRAC.

You’ll understand what this means immediately. You may exclude and self-administrate Sync Rights (I’ll explain this situation on another occasion). But if you want them to administrate Sync Rights, you have to entrust them with (narrow-defined/normal) Mechanical Rights as well (This stipulation could be similar to the one HFA used to have before, according to their description about Synchronization).

We could say that Sync Rights seem to be regarded almost as subordinate rights to Mechanical Rights. Such tendency seems to be container-oriented rather than content-oriented, which might be inevitable considering there has been much less actual Sync occasions where publishers have to negotiate directly with users than the US (I will show some specific cases on another occasion, including situations around “Tie-in” and bespoke productions). I wouldn’t need to argue about this peculiarity because it has actually worked well here.

Lastly, I have to note (again) that JASRAC’s classification of copyrights and way of copyright administration apply ONLY to domestic operations and do NOT affect international Sync-licensing operations. Regarding our international Sync-licensing, we can directly work with overseas users and music supervisors as you’ve already known by our Library page.

I hope this helps. If you have general questions about copyright administration in Japan, please contact to JASRAC. But questions regarding my interpretation on this post should be directed to us. Thanks for understanding.

Posted by Tatsuya Oe

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Tuesday, October 4th, 2011

Differences in Sync Licensing between Japan and the US -Part 1-

We sometimes get asked from overseas composers (artists) about the possibilities of working together for our library. As written on Contact page, unfortunately we don’t have a plan to hire or work with them for now. Of course we’re exploring the possibilities of doing that in order to be an ideal publisher which makes both you composers and us happy, but still on the way. There are several reasons for that, but one of the most important reasons is that there is a big difference about the way of handling synchronization between Japan and other countries (especially the US).

First of all, it is almost impossible for both composers and us to earn money from sync licensing unless we administrate the composers’ copyrights and publishing rights directly and exclusively. There is little room for middlemen such as licensing agents or non-exclusive/re-titling dealers to come in the media (music, film/TV, AD etc) industries in Japan, which is very different from the ones in the US. We still can have options of sub-publishing, but as you know, becoming a sub-publisher only for sync licensing wouldn’t be so smart for both of us. It might be nice if you consider working with us exclusively, but even in that case, what you can expect to get would not be “licensing fees” per one sync use but back-end royalties that need your patience.

I’ll explain briefly why things are so different. Our PRO JASRAC can cover and control a large portion of Sync rights as well as Performing & Mechanical rights (pertaining to DOMESTIC operation of these rights, not international one). Most publishers in Japan usually have JASRAC represent all these rights, so do we at the moment. About ten years ago we publishers became able to opt-in/out the rights to have JASRAC represent and the ones to administrate by themselves, but few publishers do that actually (as far as I know). I guess it’s because there are not so many merits of self-administration and negotiating directly with clients about sync licensing (not like publishers in the US do) except for some limited situations.

Why can’t we have many merits? To elaborate that, I’ll have to let you know about the dimensions of synchronization in Japan and how it actually works in the music/media industries, but it would be next time (there’s enough material to fill a book!). As you see in this article by a lawyer in the US, world of sync licensing is already complicated. Learning the differences is more difficult, and of course it’s a never-ending process :)

Posted by Tatsuya Oe

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Tuesday, November 2nd, 2010

Welcome to Model Electronic Blog

Welcome to Model Electronic Blog.

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